Unique Health Issues of Sighthounds: What Every Owner Should Know

By Dr. Alex Crow 

Sighthounds—such as Greyhounds, Whippets, Salukis, Borzois, and Italian Greyhounds—are elegant, athletic dogs admired for their speed, grace, and gentle nature. Yet these breeds are not just physically distinctive; they also carry a set of unique health considerations different to any other breeds. Understanding these differences helps owners, veterinarians, and caregivers provide the best possible care for these remarkable dogs.

A Different Body Type, a Different Medical Profile
Sighthounds are lean, deep-chested dogs that have very little body fat compared to other breeds. This distinctive physiology influences everything from how they metabolize medications to how their organs function. While they are generally healthy and long-lived, being aware of their special needs allows for proactive care.

Sensitivity to Anaesthesia and Medications
One of the best-known medical differences in sighthounds is their unusual reaction to certain anaesthetic agents. Historically, older barbiturate-based anaesthetics were especially risky because these dogs metabolized the drugs slowly, leading to dangerously prolonged sedation.

Although modern veterinary medicine has largely moved beyond those specific drugs, the principle still applies; sighthounds are more sensitive to many medications, including some sedatives, painkillers, and even flea or tick preventives.

For this reason, it’s crucial to work very closely with your veterinarian who should be aware of the breed’s sensitivities. Avoid over-the-counter medications before speaking to your vet and expect tailored protocols for surgeries, including dental cleanings and spay/neuter procedures.

Temperature Regulation Challenges
With their thin skin, sparse coats, and minimal body fat, sighthounds are far less insulated than many other breeds. This makes them prone to both chilling and overheating.

1. Cold sensitivity: Many owners notice that their sighthounds shiver easily, even in mild weather. A well-fitted coat or sweater is often necessary in cooler climates, and bedding should always be soft and warm.
2. Heat sensitivity: Their long legs and lean build mean they can overheat quickly when running, especially in humid conditions. Adequate hydration, shaded rest, and avoiding strenuous exercise during peak heat are crucially important. 

 

Heart and Circulatory Considerations
Greyhounds and other sighthounds have naturally higher level of red blood cells in their blood when compared to most breeds. This adaptation supports their athleticism but can sometimes be misinterpreted in standard blood work. A veterinarian unfamiliar with sighthound physiology might mistakenly suspect dehydration or a blood disorder.

Additionally, sighthounds often have a lower resting heart rate than typical dogs. While normal for them, this can be concerning if misread by veterinarians unfamiliar with the breed. Owners should ensure their vet uses breed-specific reference ranges when interpreting test results.

 

Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Issues
Sighthounds are built for bursts of speed rather than endurance or heavy impact exercise. Because of this, their musculoskeletal system, while powerful, is also delicate.

1. Injuries: Strains, sprains, and fractures are not uncommon, especially in younger, high-energy dogs who sprint without caution.
2. Bone cancer (osteosarcoma): Greyhounds, in particular, show a higher-than-average incidence of osteosarcoma, especially in later life. Any symptoms such as lameness of swellings in the bones or joints should be investigated as soon as possible.
3. Hip and spine concerns: While hip dysplasia is less common in sighthounds compared to other large breeds, their long spines can predispose them to back injuries if they leap onto or off high surfaces.

Dental Health
Any sighthound owner will tell you that maintaining their dental health is an ongoing battle. Many sighthounds have long, narrow jaws, which can predispose them to dental crowding, plaque buildup, and periodontal disease. However, this doesn’t have to be the case with daily tooth brushing and regular veterinary dental cleanings when necessary. 

Eye Conditions
With their large, expressive eyes, sighthounds are more prone to certain ocular issues. Retinal atrophy, cataracts, and pannus (chronic superficial keratitis) are seen across several breeds. Regular eye exams - especially in middle-aged and older dogs - help detect changes before vision is significantly affected.

Unique Skin and Wound Care
The comparison of greyhound skin to tissue paper is often an accurate one. Thin skin and low fat coverage make even small scrapes or bumps more likely to break the skin. Sighthounds also scar differently and may require extra care in wound management.Owners often notice that what would be a minor bruise in another breed results in a visible cut or abrasion in their hound. Soft bedding and avoiding rough play on abrasive surfaces help prevent injuries.

 

Living Well with a Sighthound
Understanding these health nuances doesn’t mean living in constant worry. With informed care, most sighthounds enjoy long, healthy lives. Owners can support their wellbeing by:

1. Choosing veterinarians experienced with sighthounds.
2. Keeping up with preventive care, including parasite protection tailored to the breed.
3. Providing an environment that respects their temperature sensitivities.
4. Prioritizing dental hygiene and regular checkups.
5. Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints and bones.

Final Thoughts
Sighthounds stand apart not only in appearance but in physiology. Their unique health profile requires a slightly different lens when it comes to veterinary care and daily management. By recognizing these distinctions, owners can ensure their hounds thrive - running fast, lounging long, and living life with the quiet elegance that makes them so beloved.

(About the author: Dr. Alex Crow (BVetMed MRCVS) is an RCVS accredited Veterinary surgeon currently practicing in the UK. Dr. Alex earned his degree in veterinary medicine from the Royal Veterinary College in London in 2019. His special area of expertise is Laparoscopic neutering (keyhole). Alex has a passion for educating vet owners online and has written for many different pet blog websites.)